Determination of incompatibility group plasmids
Determination of incompatibility group plasmids and copy number of the bla NDM-1 gene in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains recovered from different hospitals in Kerman, Iran
Introduction. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a serious global health concern.
Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Due to the high genetic diversity among NDM-positive K. pneumoniae, we need further surveillance and studies to better understand the relationships between them. In addition, the coexistence of several plasmid replicon types in NDM-positive K. pneumoniae may affect the copy number of bla NDM, the MIC level to antibiotics, as well as increasing the chance of horizontal gene transfer.
Aim. The aim of this study was to determine incompatible plasmid groups and copy numbers of bla NDM, and to investigate the genetic relationship of 37 NDM-positive K. pneumoniae in Kerman, Iran.
Methodology. The bla NDM-1 gene was detected and confirmed by PCR-sequencing. The plasmid replicon types were determined by PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) and the copy number of bla NDM-1 was determined by quantitaive real time-PCR (qPCR). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR typing was used to detect genetic relationships between the strains.
Results. In this study, 10 different replicon types, including Frep [n=25 (67.5 %)], FIIAs [n=11 (29.7 %)], FIA [n=5 (13.5 %)], FIB [n=3 (8.1 %)], I1-Iγ [n=2 (5.4 %)], L/M [n=7 (18.9 %)], A/C [n=7 (18.9 %)], Y [n=3 (8.1 %)], P [n=1 (2.7 %)] and FIC [n=1 (2.7 %)] were reported. The copy numbers of the bla NDM-1 gene varied from 30.00 to 5.0×106 and no statistically significant correlation was observed between a rise of the MIC to imipenem and the copy numbers of bla NDM-1 (P>0.05). According to RAPD typing results, 35 strains were divided into five clusters, while two strains were non-typeable.Conclusion. The spread of NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae strains that carry several plasmid replicon types increases the chance of horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in hospital settings. In this study, 10 different replicon types were identified. We could not find any relationship between the increase of MIC levels to imipenem and the copy numbers of bla NDM-1. Therefore, due to the identification of different replicon types in this study, the type and genetic characteristics of bla NDM-1-carrying plasmids, and other factors such as antibiotic selective pressure, probably affect the copy number of bla NDM-1 and change the MIC level to imipenem.
pLenti-MAGEA3 shRNA-2 Plasmid |
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pLenti-RUNX3 shRNA-2 Plasmid |
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pLenti-Slc7a11 shRNA-2 Plasmid |
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pLenti-STAT3 shRNA-2 Plasmid |
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pLenti-XRCC5 shRNA-2 Plasmid |
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SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein, Avi-His-tag |
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| E80027 | EpiGentek |
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Recombinant Porcine IL 2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10699-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant Canine MCP 2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10782-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant HIV-2 Protease Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP12271-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant Human BMP-2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5363-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 284.4 |
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein(S) (D614G), Partial |
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| E80028 | EpiGentek |
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SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 RBD Protein, Avi-His-tag |
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| E80024 | EpiGentek |
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SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 RBD Protein, Mouse Fc-fusion |
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| E80026 | EpiGentek |
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SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 (16-685) Protein, Avi-His-tag |
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| E80021 | EpiGentek |
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SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 RBD (V367F) Protein, Avi-His-tag |
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| E80023 | EpiGentek |
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SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 (13-665) Protein, Fc Fusion, Avi-tag |
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| E80020 | EpiGentek |
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SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 (16-685) Protein, Fc Fusion, Avi-tag |
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| E80022 | EpiGentek |
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SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 RBD Protein, Human Fc-Fusion, Avi-Tag |
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| E80025 | EpiGentek |
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Recombinant Human Glutaredoxin-2, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8154-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Arginase-2, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5676-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human CXCL2/ MIP-2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP1016-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 284.4 |
Recombinant Bovine FGF 2 Protein, Untagged, Native Protein-10ug |
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| QP10599-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 426 |
Recombinant Human MMP-2 Protein, His, HEK 293-10ug |
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| QP10790-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant Influenza Parainfluenza Type-2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP12960-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 186 |
Recombinant Human STC 2 Protein, Untagged, HEK 293-10ug |
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| QP13613-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant Mouse MCP-2/ CCL8 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5471-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 284.4 |
Recombinant Bovine FGF 2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10599-EC-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 186 |
Recombinant Human Metaxin-2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6393-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Mouse Thrombospondin-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6786-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Mouse Thrombospondin-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP6786-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant E.coli Thioredoxin-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP7012-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 434.4 |
Recombinant Human Prohibitin-2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8027-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Talin-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP8291-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Mouse Bcl-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5710-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 186 |
Recombinant Human Plastin-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP6289-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Human Galectin-2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6295-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Twinfilin-2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7777-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Chicken Vitellogenin-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8859-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 391.2 |
Recombinant Mouse Renin-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8886-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Metallothionein-2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8894-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Semenogelin-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9386-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 369.6 |
Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9753-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Human Ficolin-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9759-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Zebrafish Metallothionein-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9826-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 434.4 |
Recombinant Mouse Arginase-2, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5677-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Dengue Virus Dengue Envelope-2 Protein, Untagged, Insect-10ug |
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| QP11626-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant Human IGF-2/ IGF-II Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5264-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 163.2 |
Recombinant Transmembrane Protease Serine 2 Protein, Partial |
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| E80016 | EpiGentek |
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Recombinant Human CCL24/ Eotaxin-2/ MPIF-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8522-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
KRTAP3-2 cloning plasmid |
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| CSB-CL871617HU-10ug | Cusabio | 10ug | EUR 279.6 |
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Description: A cloning plasmid for the KRTAP3-2 gene. |
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KRTAP9-2 cloning plasmid |
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| CSB-CL880139HU1-10ug | Cusabio | 10ug | EUR 308.4 |
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Description: A cloning plasmid for the KRTAP9-2 gene. |
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KRTAP9-2 cloning plasmid |
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| CSB-CL880139HU2-10ug | Cusabio | 10ug | EUR 308.4 |
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Description: A cloning plasmid for the KRTAP9-2 gene. |
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KRTAP12-2 cloning plasmid |
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| CSB-CL012606HU-10ug | Cusabio | 10ug | EUR 279.6 |
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Description: A cloning plasmid for the KRTAP12-2 gene. |
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KRTAP4-2 cloning plasmid |
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| CSB-CL861178HU-10ug | Cusabio | 10ug | EUR 279.6 |
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Description: A cloning plasmid for the KRTAP4-2 gene. |
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Recombinant Human Bcl 2 (minus BH4 domain) Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP11138-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant Human 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6997-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 186 |
Recombinant Human SerpinB2/ PAI-2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10161-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 348 |
Recombinant Human TIMP2/ TIMP-2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10162-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 348 |
Recombinant Human CCL8/ MCP-2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10231-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 348 |
Recombinant Human IL2/ Interleukin-2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10309-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 184.8 |
Recombinant Human IGF1 Isoform 2 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10390-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 184.8 |
Recombinant Human CCL8/ MCP-2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP4994-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6447-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Rat Neuroendocrine convertase 2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6473-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 391.2 |
Recombinant Rat SerpinB2/ PAI-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP6669-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Tryptase beta-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6832-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Mouse Tryptase beta-2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6833-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant E.coli Thioredoxin-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7012-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 391.2 |
Recombinant Macaque CXCL10/ Crg-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7849-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 391.2 |
Recombinant Human Thioredoxin-2/ TXN2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8009-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Calponin-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8036-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Thioredoxin reductase 2, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8200-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Talin-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8291-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Angiopoietin-2/ ANG2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8512-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human TIMP2/ TIMP-2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8571-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Mouse CXCL2/ MIP-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8651-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8726-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Caspase-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5762-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Mouse Desmoglein-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5947-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 391.2 |
Recombinant Human Elongation factor 2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5962-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Estrogen Receptor 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP6000-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Mouse Hyaluronan synthase 2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6144-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Mouse Hyaluronan synthase 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP6144-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human IL2/ Interleukin-2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6216-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human IL2/ Interleukin-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP6216-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Rabbit IL2/ Interleukin-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6218-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 391.2 |
Recombinant Human Integrin alpha-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP6238-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Human Plastin-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6289-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Septin-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7552-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Clavesin-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7684-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Mouse 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7717-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Sesquipedalian-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7760-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Complexin-2/ CPLX2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7773-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Vasohibin-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7784-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant E.coli GTP cyclohydrolase-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8879-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 391.2 |
Recombinant Mouse Angiopoietin-2/ ANG2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8884-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Retinal dehydrogenase 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP8968-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 369.6 |
Recombinant Mouse Elongation factor 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9112-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human MBL-2/ MBL Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9268-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Bovine Serpin A3-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9699-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 434.4 |
Recombinant Human CCL8/ MCP-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP4994-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Human BMP-2 Protein, Untagged, HEK 293-10ug |
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| QP5363-HEK-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 261.6 |
Recombinant Human FKBP6 Protein, His, -10ug |
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| QP10610-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant Human NAP-2/ PPBP/ CXCL7 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10212-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 348 |
Recombinant Rat NAP-2/ PPBP/ CXCL7 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10285-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 348 |
Recombinant Human Ribonucleoprotein PTB-binding 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9902-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Human Growth/ differentiation factor 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9936-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Human Exportin-2 Protein, His-SUMO, Invitro-E.coli-10ug |
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| QP9974-iv-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 936 |
Recombinant Rat MMP-2/ CLG4A Protein Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP6369-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Nanos homolog 2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6402-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Nuclear transport factor 2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6442-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Phosphomannomutase 2/ PMM2/ CDG1 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6508-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human PTGS2/ COX2/ PGHS-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6551-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Rat SerpinB2/ PAI-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6669-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Serine palmitoyltransferase 2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6726-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Tumor suppressor candidate 2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6856-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human CD112/ Nectin-2/ PVRL2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7863-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human GMP reductase 2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8126-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human AGO2/ Argonaute 2/ EIF2C2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8243-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human AGO2/ Argonaute 2/ EIF2C2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP8243-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Human RuvB-like 2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8295-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Glucosidase 2 subunit beta Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8431-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human IGF-2/ IGF-II Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8601-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human NAP-2/ PPBP/ CXCL7 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8641-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Laminin subunit beta-2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8788-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human CALCB/ CGPR/ Calcitonin 2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5747-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Calpain-2 catalytic subunit Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5756-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human CETN2/ Centrin 2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5820-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human CFL2/ cofilin 2/ ADF Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5825-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Clathrin heavy chain 2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5842-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Clathrin heavy chain 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP5842-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Human Egl nine homolog 2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5968-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Glycerol kinase 2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6085-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Macaque IL2/ Interleukin-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6217-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 391.2 |
Recombinant Human Integrin alpha-2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6238-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human JAM-2/ JAM-B Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6247-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human JAM-2/ JAM-B Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP6247-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Mouse Hemoglobin subunit beta-2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7346-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Mouse Hemoglobin subunit beta-2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP7346-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Protein delta homolog 2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP7755-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Protein delta homolog 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP7755-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Rat BDNF Protein Isoform 2 Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8869-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Orexin receptor type 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9175-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 369.6 |
Recombinant Human Neuropeptide FF receptor 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9310-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Human Transmembrane protease serine 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9439-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Mouse Protein delta homolog 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9838-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 369.6 |
Recombinant Human IL12RB2/ IL12R-beta 2 Protein, His, Yeast-10ug |
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| QP9881-ye-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 283.2 |
Recombinant Human AK2/ Adenylate kinase 2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5635-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
pDONR223-CD73 Plasmid |
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| PVTB00480-2 | Lifescience Market | 2 ug | EUR 427.2 |
Recombinant Human Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein α Isoform/PITPNA (N-6His) |
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| CE10-10ug | Novoprotein | 10ug | EUR 242.4 |
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Description: Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM TrisHCl, 1mM EDTA, 1mM DTT, pH 8.0. |
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Glycolipid Transfer Protein (GLTP) Protein |
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| 20-abx262570 | Abbexa |
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Recombinant Human Actin-related protein 2/ 3 complex subunit 2 Protein, GST, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP8442-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Recombinant Human Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2 Protein, His, Invitro-E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10004-iv-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 554.4 |
Recombinant Human Bcl 2 (minus BH1 domain) Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10491-HIS-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant Human Bcl 2 (minus BH2 domain) Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10492-HIS-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant Human Bcl 2 (minus BH3 domain) Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10493-HIS-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant Human Bcl 2 (minus NWGR domain) Protein, His, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP10494-HIS-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 241.2 |
Recombinant Dog Trypsin 2/ PRSS2 Protein, His-SUMO, Invitro-E.coli-10ug |
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| QP9996-iv-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 936 |
Recombinant Rat MMP-2/ CLG4A Protein Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6369-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 326.4 |
Recombinant Human Myelin expression factor 2 Protein, His-SUMO, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP6399-ec-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 240 |
Plasmids shape the diverse accessory resistomes of Escherichia coli ST131
The human gut microbiome includes beneficial, commensal and pathogenic bacteria that possess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and exchange these predominantly through conjugative plasmids. Escherichia coli is a significant component of the gastrointestinal microbiome and is typically non-pathogenic in this niche. In contrast, extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) including ST131 may occupy other environments like the urinary tract or bloodstream where they express genes enabling AMR and host cell adhesion like type 1 fimbriae.
The extent to which commensal E. coli and uropathogenic ExPEC ST131 share AMR genes remains understudied at a genomic level, and we examined this here using a preterm infant resistome. We found that individual ST131 had small differences in AMR gene content relative to a larger shared resistome. Comparisons with a range of plasmids common in ST131 showed that AMR gene composition was driven by conjugation, recombination and mobile genetic elements.
Plasmid pEK499 had extended regions in most ST131 Clade C isolates, and it had evidence of a co-evolutionary signal based on protein-level interactions with chromosomal gene products, as did pEK204 that had a type IV fimbrial pil operon. ST131 possessed extensive diversity of selective type 1, type IV, P and F17-like fimbriae genes that was highest in subclade C2. The structure and composition of AMR genes, plasmids and fimbriae vary widely in ST131 Clade C and this may mediate pathogenicity and infection outcomes.
Development of a simplified and inexpensive RNA depletion method for plasmid DNA purification using size selection magnetic beads (SSMBs)
Plasmid DNA (pDNA) isolation from bacterial cells is one of the most common and critical steps in molecular cloning and biomedical research. Almost all pDNA purification involves disruption of bacteria, removal of membrane lipids, proteins and genomic DNA, purification of pDNA from bulk lysate, and concentration of pDNA for downstream applications. While many liquid-phase and solid-phase pDNA purification methods are used, the final pDNA preparations are usually contaminated with varied degrees of host RNA, which cannot be completely digested by RNase A.
To develop a simple, cost-effective, and yet effective method for RNA depletion, we investigated whether commercially available size selection magnetic beads (SSMBs), such as Mag-Bind® TotalPure NGS Kit (or Mag-Bind), can completely deplete bacterial RNA in pDNA preparations. In this proof-of-principle study, we demonstrated that, compared with RNase A digestion and two commercial plasmid affinity purification kits, the SSMB method was highly efficient in depleting contaminating RNA from pDNA minipreps.
Gene transfection and bacterial colony formation assays revealed that pDNA purified from SSMB method had superior quality and integrity to pDNA samples cleaned up by RNase A digestion and/or commercial plasmid purification kits. We further demonstrated that the SSMB method completely depleted contaminating RNA in large-scale pDNA samples. Furthermore, the Mag-bind-based SSMB method costs only 5-10% of most commercial plasmid purification kits on a per sample basis. Thus, the reported SSMB method can be a valuable and inexpensive tool for the removal of bacterial RNA for routine pDNA preparations.
Emergence of plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance tet(X4) gene in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry, food and the environment in South Asia
The recent emergence of mobile-tigecycline resistance tet(X) genes in human and animals in China seriously threats the clinical utility of tigecycline. Here we focused on the isolation and molecular characterization of plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance tet(X4)-positive E. coli from different sources in Pakistan using MinION and Illumina sequencing. The tet(X4) gene was detected in four E. coli isolates from poultry, chicken meat, wild bird and the slaughterhouse wastewater in Pakistan. Co-existence of colistin resistance mcr-1 gene was also detected in three isolates.
The four isolates belonged to different sequence types and the tet(X4) gene was located on plasmids ranging from 12,331 bp to 113,610 bp belonging to IncFII and IncQ replicon types with two genetic contexts ISCR2-tet(X4)-abh-ISCR2-lysR-floR-virD2 and ΔISCR2-abh-tet(X4)-ISCR2-virD2-floR, respectively. In all the four E. coli strains, tet(X4) was transferable by conjugation to E. coli J53 host strain. In addition, three of four strains transferred tet(X4) to a wild-type carbapenem resistant E. coli strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the emergence of plasmid-mediated tet(X4) gene from Pakistan. The convergence of tigecycline and colistin resistance in South Asia is a serious threat to human health.
